rails

Ruby on Rails (Rails) is a full-stack web application framework written in Ruby, designed to help developers create database-backed web applications quickly using the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern. The framework is divided into three core layers: **Model (Active Record):** Represents the domain model and encapsulates business logic. Database-backed models inherit from `ActiveRecord::Base`, which allows presenting database rows as objects with attached methods. Models can also be plain Ruby classes using the Active Model module. **View (Action View):** Composed of templates that render application resources. Most are HTML with embedded Ruby (ERB files). Views are rendered to produce controller responses or email bodies. **Controller (Action Pack):** Handles incoming HTTP requests and generates appropriate responses. Controllers load and manipulate models, render view templates, and can produce HTML, XML, JSON, PDFs, and more. Requests are routed by Action Dispatch to the correct controller. **Additional built-in libraries include:** - Action Mailer: Generate and send emails - Action Mailbox: Receive emails within an application - Active Job: Framework for background job processing across multiple queue backends - Action Cable: WebSocket integration for real-time features - Active Storage: Attach cloud and local files to applications - Action Text: Handle rich text content - Active Support: Utility classes and standard library extensions Many of these components can also be used independently outside of Rails. Getting started requires installing Ruby and running `gem install rails`, then creating a new application with `rails new myapp` and starting the server with `bin/rails server`. Rails is released under the MIT License.